Are the mean lengths of male and female Coyotes the same?
This example describes a randomisation test.
The actual data are shown on the left. Randomisation uses the same values but randomly allocates them to the two groups. Click Randomise to randomly pick 40 of the the 83 lengths for the female group.
The difference between the mean lengths of males and females is the test statistic — it will be far from zero if H0 (no difference between the males and females) is false.
Click Accumulate and repeat the randomisation several more times. (Uncheck Animate to speed up the randomisation.)
A difference in means as far from zero as 2.8 cm occurs in about 6% of randomisations, so it is not particularly unlikely. There is therefore little evidence of a difference between males and females .
Emphasise the general concepts:
In a study of coyotes, 40 female and 43 males were captured in Nova Scotia. The data set contains the lengths (cm) of these coyotes.