Conditional and marginal distributions

The distinction is between the marginal distribution for a variable and its conditional distributions is illustrated for the following contingency table that describes bruising of 96 apples in a packing plant.

     OK    Bruised
Granny Smith 40 8
Fuji 24 24

The diagram below shows the apples, arranged in rows by variety.

Observe that:

The apples can be rearranged as follows:

Now observe that: