Assessing independence, based on a sample
Independence is an important special case of models for bivariate data. However it is a property of the joint population probabilities and in most practical situations these are unknown.
We must assess independence from a sample of individuals — a contingency table.
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Estimated cell counts under independence
If independence is assumed, we can find a pattern of cell counts that best corresponds to independence, based only on the margins of the table.
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