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Chapter 4   Categorical Variables

4.1   Frequency tables

4.1.1   Types of variables

In this exercise, you will classify various measurements as numerical (continuous or discrete) or categorical (ordinal or nominal).

4.1.2   Proportions from frequency tables

This exercise displays frequency tables and asks you to find the proportion or percentage of values equal to, or not equal to, a particular categorical value.

4.1.3   Proportions for ordered categories

The exercise in this page is similar to the previous exercise but asks questions about values greater than, greater than or equal to, etc. a value.

4.2   Bar and pie charts

4.2.1   Drawing a bar chart

In this exercise, you will draw the bar chart corresponding to a frequency table.

4.2.2   Proportions and percentages from bar charts

This exercise shows bar charts for data sets with ordered categories, augmented with a graph of the cumulative frequencies. You are asked to find proportions and percentages from the diagram.

4.2.3   Pareto diagrams

In this exercise, you will produce a Pareto diagram by reordering the bars of a bar chart, then find a proportion or percentage relating to the most important or least important categories.

4.2.4   Drawing a pie chart

In this exercise, you will draw the pie chart corresponding to a frequency table, using either the individual frequencies or the cumulative frequencies.

4.2.5   Matching bar and pie charts

Bar and pie charts display the same information in different ways. This exercise displays bar and pie charts for four data sets and asks you to match them.

4.2.6   Percentages from pie charts

This exercise displays the pie chart for either an ordinal categorical variable or a categorical variable in which the categories have been arranged in decreasing order of their frequencies. You are asked to estimate the percentage in some adjacent categories 'by eye' from the pie chart.

4.3   Contingency tables

4.3.1   Creating a contingency table

This exercise presents a list of values of two categorical variables; you must generate a contingency table summarising the data.

4.3.2   Proportions from contingency tables

In this exercise you are shown contingency tables and asked to find a joint, marginal or conditional proportion.