Although it may be regarded as an over-simplification, the table below is a guide to interpreting p-values.

p-value Interpretation
over 0.1 no evidence that the null hypothesis does not hold
between 0.05 and 0.1 very weak evidence that the null hypothesis does not hold
between 0.01 and 0.05 moderately strong evidence that the null hypothesis does not hold
under 0.01 strong evidence that the null hypothesis does not hold
reported as 0.000 almost certain that the null hypothesis does not hold

The following multiple-choice exercises expect you to interpret p-values in these terms.

The first exercise is relatively simple. What does the p-value tell you about the null and alternative hypotheses?

Harder

The next exercise randomises the order of the options and phrases some of them in terms of the alternative hypothesis.


Repeat this exercise a few times. It is important that you can correctly interpret the p-value from any hypothesis test.