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RPARALLEL procedure

Carries out analysis of parallelism for nonlinear functions; synonym FITPARALLEL (R.C. Butler).

Options

PRINT = string tokens What to print (model, summary, accumulated, estimates, correlations, fittedvalues, monitoring); default mode, summ, accu, esti
CALCULATION = expression structures Calculation(s) involving explanatory variate; no default (must be set)
METHOD = string token Which models to fit (singleline, constantsseparate, linearseparate, nonlinearseparate); default nonl
CONSTANT = string token How to treat constant (estimate, omit); default esti

Parameters

X = variates Explanatory variate; must be set
GROUPS = factors Grouping factor for data; must be set
RESULTS = pointers To save results from model nonlinearseparate, if fitted; should be set only if METHOD=nonl

Description

This procedure mimics the testing of parallelism which can be carried out using FITCURVE, but caters for any nonlinear functions or sums of nonlinear functions. FITCURVE can be used successively to fit four models with varying degrees of parallelism between curves fitted to different levels of a grouping factor where each curve is the same function of an explanatory variate, but only has a limited choice of ten curves. RPARALLEL will fit these same four models for any function (or sum of functions) that the user defines.

Definitions – Take a response variate Y and explanatory variate X, and functions f(X; θ) to describe the relationship between them, where θ represents the parameters of f. Levels of a factor are denoted by i, and j denotes values of X for each level of the factor. Ai, Bi and θi are the constant, slope, and nonlinear parameters for factor level i respectively.

Single Line – the same model with the same parameters is fitted to all levels of a factor

Yij = A + B × f (Xij; θ)                (cf. FITCURVE X)

Constants Separate – different values of the constant A are fitted for each level of a factor.

Yij = Ai + B × f (Xij; θ)                (cf. FITCURVE factor + X)

Linear Separate – different values of constant A and “slope” B are fitted for each level of a factor.

Yij = Ai + Bi × f (Xij; θ)               (c.f. FITCURVE [non=c] factor * X)

Nonlinear Separate – different values of all parameters are fitted for each level of a factor.

Yij = Ai + Bi × f (Xij; θi)              (c.f. FITCURVE [non=s] factor * X)

When sums of functions are fitted by RPARALLEL, the models are similar, but each includes a set of Bi‘s, f’s and θi‘s, one set for each function.

The four models are fitted in a single call of the procedure (unlike FITCURVE) so that an accumulated analysis of variance can be compiled. The dependent variate and the parameters of the functions to be fitted are defined in the usual way using the MODEL and RCYCLE directives, and the explanatory variate and the grouping factor for the data are defined using the X and GROUPS parameters of the procedure. The constant term in the fitted equation can be omitted or estimated by setting the CONSTANT option appropriately. The METHOD option determines the most complex of the four models to be fitted, with all simpler models also fitted. For example, if METHOD=linearseparate, the single-line and constants-separate models are also fitted. The CALCULATION option is set to an expression or list of expressions to define the form of the function to be fitted, as for FITNONLINEAR.

Printed output is controlled using the PRINT option, with monitoring, summary analysis of variance, estimates, and correlations being printed for each model fitted, but fitted values and accumulated analysis of variance being printed for the most complex model only. The results of fitting the complex model can be saved using RKEEP, providing this model is not nonlinearseparate; for that case the results can be saved only by setting the parameter RESULTS. This forms a pointer whose elements are labelled by the names of their contents: FITTEDVALUES, RESIDUALS, ESTIMATE, SE, DEVIANCE, DF. If RDISPLAY is used after METHOD=nonlinearseparate has been fitted, only the results of fitting to the last level of the GROUPS factor will be displayed.

Options: PRINT, CALCULATION, METHOD, CONSTANT.

Parameters: X, GROUPS, RESULTS.

Method

The single-line and constants-separate models are fitted using FITNONLINEAR in a similar manner to FITCURVE in a similar situation, but saving the results for later use in an Accumulated Analysis of Variance. The linear-separate model (i.e. Parallel Lines) is fitted by setting up expressions (in a pointer f) which calculate one dummy variable for each factor-level by function combination, which are fitted using FITNONLINEAR as follows:

FITNONLINEAR [CALCULATION=f] dummy[][] + GROUPS

The final Separate nonlinear model is fitted using a loop which restricts the data to each level of the factor in turn, and saves the sums of squares and estimates found for each subset. The final residual sums of squares for the whole model is calculated as the sum of the residual sums of squares for the individual parts, and the standard errors for the estimates are calculated using this and values saved from the matrix of second derivatives (INVERSE in RKEEP).

This method is described more fully by Butler & Brain (1990).

Action with RESTRICT

Restrictions of X or GROUPS are ignored, but the analysis is carried out on any restricted set of the dependent variate defined by the MODEL statement.

Reference

Butler, R.C. & Brain, P. (1990). Parallelism in non-linear models. Genstat Newsletter, 25, 40-46.

See also

Directives: FITCURVE, FITNONLINEAR.

Procedures: NLAR1, NLCONTRASTS.

Commands for: Regression analysis.

Example

CAPTION     'RPARALLEL example',\
            !t('1. Fitting a logistic curve on log(Concentration) of',\
            'herbicide to the weights of sugarbeet grown at two different',\
            'soil pHs.'); STYLE=meta,plain
READ        [SERIAL=yes; SETNVALUES=yes] Weight,Conc
 9.48 14.40 13.71 12.26 12.90 12.34 11.61 11.15 9.80 1.93 1.85
10.77 10.99 10.67 10.63 10.83  9.69  6.60  2.97 0.35 0.07 0.06 :
0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 1.2 2.5 5.0 10.0 20.0 40.0
0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 1.2 2.5 5.0 10.0 20.0 40.0 :
FACTOR      [LABELS=!t('5.8','8.0'); VALUES=11(1,2)] pH
EXPRESSION  e; !e( 1 / (1 + (Conc * EXP(-M) )**B) )
MODEL       Weight; FITTED=Fitted
RCYCLE      B,M; INITIAL=1.43,1.86
RPARALLEL   [CALCULATION=e] Conc; GROUPS=pH; RESULTS=Keep
PRINT       Conc,pH,Weight,Keep['FITTEDVALUES']
CAPTION     !t('2. Data from Butler, R.C. & Brain, P.',\
            'Detecting Parallelism in Non-Linear models.',\
            'Genstat Newsletter 25. Fitting the sum of two',\
            'exponentials to counts of radioactivity over time.')
READ        [SETNVALUES=yes; SERIAL=yes] Time,dpm
0 1 3 6 10 15 20 30 40 50 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 210
240 270 300 360 420
0 1 3 6 10 15 20 30 40 50 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 210
240 270 300 360 420 :
*
557.2 816.1 783.3 561.4 461.5 298.7 306.9 253.3 212.6
190.2 205.8 221.2  195.4 217.7 211.8 182.3 225.5 214.1 222.0
201.8 301.2 270.1
*
554.0 875.6 862.1 618.2 429.1 323.4 295.2 262.0 216.0
180.1 227.1 228.3 218.5 232.2 217.0 208 245.9 236.0 222.8
208.4 288.3 266.7 :
FACTOR      [LEVELS=2; VALUES=23(1...2)] Run
EXPRESSION  Exp[1]; !e( DIFF( EXP(-k1 * Time)))
&           Exp[2]; !e( DIFF( EXP(-k2 * Time)))
MODEL       dpm
RCYCLE      [MAXCYCLE=25] PARAMETER=k1,k2; LOWER=0,0; INITIAL=0.003,0.05
RPARALLEL   [PRINT=model,accumulated,estimates; CALCULATION=Exp;\ 
            METHOD=linearseparate; CONSTANT=omit] Time; GROUPS=Run
Updated on March 5, 2019

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